This example shows how
SAS uses the FIRST.
variable and
LAST.
variable to flag the beginning
and end of four BY groups: State, City, ZipCode, and Street. Six temporary
variables are created within the program data vector. These variables
can be used during the DATA step, but they do not become variables
in the new data set.
In the figure that follows,
observations in the SAS data set are arranged in an order that can
be used with this BY statement:
by State City ZipCode;
SAS creates the following
temporary variables: FIRST.State, LAST.State, FIRST.City, LAST.City,
FIRST.ZipCode, and LAST.ZipCode.
options pageno=1 nodate linesize=80 pagesize=60;
data testfile;
input State $ ZipCode $ City $ Street $ 19-33;
datalines;
AZ 85730 Tucson Gleeson Place
FL 33133 Miami Rice Street
FL 33133 Miami Thomas Avenue
FL 33133 Miami Surrey Drive
FL 33146 Miami Nervia Street
FL 33146 Miami Corsica Street
OH 45056 Miami Myrtle Street
;
data test2;
set testfile;
by State City ZipCode;
put _N_= state= first.state= last.state= first.city= last.city=
first.zipcode= last.zipcode= ;
run; NOTE: PROCEDURE PRINTTO used (Total process time):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds
79 options pageno=1 nodate linesize=80 pagesize=60;
80 data testfile;
81 input State $ ZipCode $ City $ Street $ 19-33;
82 datalines;
NOTE: The data set WORK.TESTFILE has 7 observations and 4 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds
90 ;
91 data test2;
92 set testfile;
93 by State City ZipCode;
94 put _N_= state= first.state= last.state= first.city= last.city=
95 first.zipcode= last.zipcode= ;
96 run;
_N_=1 State=AZ FIRST.State=1 LAST.State=1 FIRST.City=1 LAST.City=1
FIRST.ZipCode=1 LAST.ZipCode=1
_N_=2 State=FL FIRST.State=1 LAST.State=0 FIRST.City=1 LAST.City=0
FIRST.ZipCode=1 LAST.ZipCode=0
_N_=3 State=FL FIRST.State=0 LAST.State=0 FIRST.City=0 LAST.City=0
FIRST.ZipCode=0 LAST.ZipCode=0
_N_=4 State=FL FIRST.State=0 LAST.State=0 FIRST.City=0 LAST.City=0
FIRST.ZipCode=0 LAST.ZipCode=1
_N_=5 State=FL FIRST.State=0 LAST.State=0 FIRST.City=0 LAST.City=0
FIRST.ZipCode=1 LAST.ZipCode=0
_N_=6 State=FL FIRST.State=0 LAST.State=1 FIRST.City=0 LAST.City=1
FIRST.ZipCode=0 LAST.ZipCode=1
_N_=7 State=OH FIRST.State=1 LAST.State=1 FIRST.City=1 LAST.City=1
FIRST.ZipCode=1 LAST.ZipCode=1
NOTE: There were 7 observations read from the data set WORK.TESTFILE.
NOTE: The data set WORK.TEST2 has 7 observations and 4 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds
97 proc printto; run;BY Groups for State, City, and Zipcode
Observations in Four
BY Groups
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Corresponding FIRST.
and LAST. Values
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