Table 88.1 summarizes the options in the PROC STDRATE statement.
Table 88.1: Summary of PROC STDRATE Options
Option
|
Description
|
Input Data Sets
|
DATA=
|
Names the SAS data set that contains the study populations
|
REFDATA=
|
Names the SAS data set that contains the reference population
|
Standardization Methods
|
METHOD=
|
Specifies the method for standardization
|
STAT=
|
Specifies the statistic for standardization
|
EFFECT
|
Specifies the test to compare study populations for direct
|
|
standardization and Mantel-Haenszel estimation
|
Displayed Output
|
ALPHA=
|
Specifies the significance level for confidence intervals
|
CL=
|
Requests the confidence limits for the standardized estimates
|
PLOTS
|
Requests stratum-specific plots
|
You can specify the following options in the PROC STDRATE statement to compute standardized rates and risks in the procedure. They are listed in alphabetical order.
-
ALPHA=
-
requests that confidence limits be constructed with confidence level , where . The default is ALPHA=0.05. These confidence limits include confidence limits for the stratum-specific rates or risks, standardized
rate and risk, standardized morbidity/mortality ratio, and population attributable rate and risk.
-
CL=GAMMA <(TYPE=AVERAGE | CONSERVATIVE)> | LOGNORMAL | NONE | NORMAL | POISSON
-
specifies the method to construct confidence limits for SMR and standardized rate and risk. You can specify the following
values for this option:
-
GAMMA
-
requests confidence limits based on a gamma distribution for METHOD=DIRECT and METHOD=MH. This value applies only when STAT=RATE.
You can specify the TYPE=CONSERVATIVE suboption to request conservative confidence limits that are based on a gamma distribution
and were developed by Fay and Feuer (1997), or you can specify the TYPE=AVERAGE suboption to request modified confidence limits proposed by Tiwari, Clegg, and Zou
(2006).
-
LOGNORMAL
-
requests confidence limits based on a lognormal distribution.
-
NONE
-
suppresses construction of confidence limits.
-
NORMAL
-
requests confidence limits based on a normal distribution.
-
POISSON
-
requests confidence limits based on a Poisson distribution. This value applies only when METHOD=INDIRECT.
The default is CL=NORMAL.
-
DATA=SAS-data-set
-
names the required SAS data set that contains the event information in the study populations.
-
EFFECT <=DIFF | RATIO>
-
displays a table of the effect estimate and associated confidence limits. This option applies only when METHOD=DIRECT with
two study populations and when METHOD=MH, where two study populations are required.
EFFECT and EFFECT=RATIO display a test on the ratio effect of estimates between the study populations, and the EFFECT=DIFF
option displays a test on the difference effect.
-
METHOD= DIRECT | INDIRECT <(AF)> | MH <(AF)>
M= DIRECT | INDIRECT <(AF)> | MH <(AF)>
-
specifies the required method for standardization. METHOD=DIRECT requests direct standardization, METHOD=INDIRECT requests
indirect standardization, and METHOD=MH requests Mantel-Haenszel estimation.
The AF suboption requests the attributable fraction that measures the excess event rate or risk fraction in the exposed population
that is attributable to the exposure. This suboption also requests the population attributable fraction that measures the
excess event rate or risk fraction in the total population that is attributable to the exposure.
-
PLOTS <( global-options )> <= plot-request>
PLOTS <( global-options )> <= ( plot-request < …plot-request> ) >
-
specifies options that control the details of the plots. The default is PLOTS=RATE for STAT=RATE and PLOTS=RISK for STAT=RISK.
You can specify the following global-options:
-
DISPLAY=INDEX | LEVEL
-
specifies tick mark values for the strata axis. DISPLAY=LEVEL displays strata levels on the strata axis, and DISPLAY=INDEX
displays strata indices of sequential strata identification numbers on the strata axis. The default is DISPLAY=LEVEL.
-
ONLY
-
suppresses the default plots and displays only plots that are specifically requested.
-
STRATUM=HORIZONTAL | VERTICAL
-
controls the orientation of the plots. STRATUM=VERTICAL places the strata information on the vertical axis, and STRATUM=HORIZONTAL
places the strata information on the horizontal axis. The default is STRATUM=VERTICAL.
You can specify the following plot-requests:
-
ALL
-
produces all appropriate plots.
-
DIST | DISTRIBUTION
-
displays a plot of the proportions for stratum-specific exposed time or sample size.
-
EFFECT
-
displays a plot of the stratum-specific effect estimates and associated confidence limits. This option applies only when METHOD=DIRECT
with two study populations and when METHOD=MH, where two study populations are required. If the EFFECT=DIFF option is specified,
the stratum-specific rate or risk difference effects are displayed. Otherwise, the stratum-specific rate or risk ratio effects
are displayed.
-
NONE
-
suppresses all plots.
-
RATE
-
displays a plot of the stratum-specific rates and associated confidence limits. This option applies only when STAT=RATE. If
a confidence limits method is specified in the STATS(CL=) option in the STRATA statement, that method is used to compute the
confidence limits. Otherwise, the normal approximation is used.
-
RISK
-
displays a plot of the stratum-specific risks and associated confidence limits. This option applies only when STAT=RISK. If
a confidence limits method is specified in the STATS(CL=) option in the STRATA statement, that method is used to compute the
confidence limits. Otherwise, the normal approximation is used.
-
SMR
-
displays a plot of the stratum-specific SMR estimates and associated confidence limits. This option applies only when METHOD=INDIRECT.
If a method is specified in the SMR(CL=) option in the STRATA statement, that method is used to compute the confidence limits.
Otherwise, the normal approximation is used.
-
REFDATA=SAS-data-set
-
names the required SAS data set that contains the event information in the reference population.
-
STAT=RATE <( MULT =c )>
STAT=RISK
-
specifies the statistic for standardization. STAT=RATE computes standardized rates, and STAT=RISK computes standardized risks.
The default is STAT=RATE.
The MULT= suboption in the STAT=RATE option specifies a power of 10 constant c, and requests that rates per c population-time units be displayed in the output tables and graphics. The default is MULT=100000, which specifies rates per
100,000 population-time units.
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