Unicode and Special Characters :: SAS/STAT(R) 12.1 User's Guide

Unicode and Special Characters

The following steps illustrate Unicode specifications for a number of commonly used characters and create Output 22.2.6 and Output 22.2.7, which are charts of Unicode characters:

%let l = halign=left;
proc template;
   define statgraph class;
      begingraph / designheight=550px designwidth=520px;
         layout overlay / xaxisopts=(display=none) yaxisopts=(display=none);
            layout gridded / columns=3 autoalign=(topleft);
               entry &l textattrs=(weight=bold) 'Description';
               entry &l textattrs=(weight=bold) 'Displayed';
               entry &l textattrs=(weight=bold) "Unicode";
               entry &l 'R Square';
               entry &l 'R' {sup '2'};
               entry &l "'R' {sup '2'}";
               entry &l 'y hat sub i';
               entry &l 'y' {unicode hat}{sub 'i'};
               entry &l "'y' {unicode hat}{sub 'i'}";
               entry &l 'less than or equal       ';
               entry &l 'a ' {unicode '2264'x} ' b';
               entry &l "'a ' {unicode '2264'x} ' b'";
               entry &l 'greater than or equal    ';
               entry &l 'b ' {unicode '2265'x} ' a';
               entry &l "'b ' {unicode '2265'x} ' a'";
               entry &l 'infinity';
               entry &l {unicode '221e'x};
               entry &l "{unicode '221e'x}";
               entry &l 'almost equal';
               entry &l 'a ' {unicode '2248'x} ' b';
               entry &l "'a ' {unicode '2248'x} ' b'";
               entry &l 'combining tilde';
               entry &l 'El nin' {unicode tilde} 'o';
               entry &l "'El nin' {unicode tilde} 'o'";
               entry &l 'grave accent';
               entry &l 'cre' {unicode '0300'x} 'me';
               entry &l "'cre' {unicode '0300'x} 'me'";
               entry &l 'circumflex, acute accent   ';
               entry &l 'bru' {unicode '0302'x} 'le' {unicode '0301'x} 'e';
               entry &l "'bru' {unicode '0302'x} 'le' {unicode '0301'x} 'e'";
               entry &l 'alpha';
               entry &l {unicode alpha} '   ' {unicode alpha_u};
               entry &l "{unicode alpha} '   ' {unicode alpha_u}";
               entry &l 'beta';
               entry &l {unicode beta} '   ' {unicode beta_u};
               entry &l "{unicode beta} '   ' {unicode beta_u}";
               entry &l 'gamma';
               entry &l {unicode gamma} '   ' {unicode gamma_u};
               entry &l "{unicode gamma} '   ' {unicode gamma_u}";
               entry &l 'delta';
               entry &l {unicode delta} '   ' {unicode delta_u};
               entry &l "{unicode delta} '   ' {unicode delta_u}";
               entry &l 'epsilon';
               entry &l {unicode epsilon} '   ' {unicode epsilon_u};
               entry &l "{unicode epsilon} '   ' {unicode epsilon_u}";
               entry &l 'zeta';
               entry &l {unicode zeta} '   ' {unicode zeta_u};
               entry &l "{unicode zeta} '   ' {unicode zeta_u}";
               entry &l 'eta';
               entry &l {unicode eta} '   ' {unicode eta_u};
               entry &l "{unicode eta} '   ' {unicode eta_u}";
               entry &l 'theta';
               entry &l {unicode theta} '   ' {unicode theta_u};
               entry &l "{unicode theta} '   ' {unicode theta_u}";
               entry &l 'iota';
               entry &l {unicode iota} '   ' {unicode iota_u};
               entry &l "{unicode iota} '   ' {unicode iota_u}";
               entry &l 'kappa';
               entry &l {unicode kappa} '   ' {unicode kappa_u};
               entry &l "{unicode kappa} '   ' {unicode kappa_u}";
               entry &l 'lambda';
               entry &l {unicode lambda} '   ' {unicode lambda_u};
               entry &l "{unicode lambda} '   ' {unicode lambda_u}";
               entry &l 'mu';
               entry &l {unicode mu} '   ' {unicode mu_u};
               entry &l "{unicode mu} '   ' {unicode mu_u}";
               entry &l 'nu';
               entry &l {unicode nu} '   ' {unicode nu_u};
               entry &l "{unicode nu} '   ' {unicode nu_u}";
               entry &l 'xi';
               entry &l {unicode xi} '   ' {unicode xi_u};
               entry &l "{unicode xi} '   ' {unicode xi_u}";
               entry &l 'omicron';
               entry &l {unicode omicron} '   ' {unicode omicron_u};
               entry &l "{unicode omicron} '   ' {unicode omicron_u}";
               entry &l 'pi';
               entry &l {unicode pi} '   ' {unicode pi_u};
               entry &l "{unicode pi} '   ' {unicode pi_u}";
               entry &l 'rho';
               entry &l {unicode rho} '   ' {unicode rho_u};
               entry &l "{unicode rho} '   ' {unicode rho_u}";
               entry &l 'sigma';
               entry &l {unicode sigma} '   ' {unicode sigma_u};
               entry &l "{unicode sigma} '   ' {unicode sigma_u}";
               entry &l 'tau';
               entry &l {unicode tau} '   ' {unicode tau_u};
               entry &l "{unicode tau} '   ' {unicode tau_u}";
               entry &l 'upsilon';
               entry &l {unicode upsilon} '   ' {unicode upsilon_u};
               entry &l "{unicode upsilon} '   ' {unicode upsilon_u}";
               entry &l 'phi';
               entry &l {unicode phi} '   ' {unicode phi_u};
               entry &l "{unicode phi} '   ' {unicode phi_u}";
               entry &l 'chi';
               entry &l {unicode chi} '   ' {unicode chi_u};
               entry &l "{unicode chi} '   ' {unicode chi_u}";
               entry &l 'psi';
               entry &l {unicode psi} '   ' {unicode psi_u};
               entry &l "{unicode psi} '   ' {unicode eta_u}";
               entry &l 'omega';
               entry &l {unicode omega} '   ' {unicode omega_u};
               entry &l "{unicode omega} '   ' {unicode omega_u}";
            endlayout;
            scatterplot y=weight x=height / markerattrs=(size=0);
         endlayout;
      endgraph;
   end;
run;

proc sgrender data=sashelp.class template=class;
run;

%macro m(u);
   entry halign=left "(*ESC*){unicode &u.x} {unicode &u.x}" /
         textattrs=GraphValueText (family=GraphUnicodeText:FontFamily);
   %mend;

proc template;
   define statgraph markers;
      begingraph / designheight=510px designwidth=350px;
         layout overlay / xaxisopts=(display=none) yaxisopts=(display=none);
            layout gridded / columns=1 autoalign=(topright);
               entry " ";
               %m('2193')   %m('002A')   %m('25cb')   %m('25cf')
               %m('25c7')   %m('2666')   %m('003e')   %m('0023')
               %m('2336')   %m('002b')   %m('25a1')   %m('25a0')
               %m('2606')   %m('2605')   %m('22a4')   %m('223c')
               %m('25b3')   %m('25b2')   %m('222a')   %m('0058')
               %m('0059')   %m('005a')
            endlayout;
         scatterplot x=x1 y=y / group=m;
         scatterplot x=x2 y=y / markercharacter=m;
         scatterplot x=x3 y=y / markerattrs=(size=0);
         endlayout;
      endgraph;
   end;
run;

%modstyle(name=mark, parent=statistical, markers=
   ArrowDown Asterisk Circle CircleFilled Diamond DiamondFilled GreaterThan
   Hash IBeam Plus Square SquareFilled Star StarFilled Tack Tilde Triangle
   TriangleFilled Union X Y Z, linestyles=1, colors=black)

data x;
   retain x1 1 x2 2 x3 3;
   length m $ 20;
   input m @@;
   y = -_n_;
   datalines;
ArrowDown Asterisk Circle CircleFilled Diamond DiamondFilled GreaterThan
Hash IBeam Plus Square SquareFilled Star StarFilled Tack Tilde Triangle
TriangleFilled Union X Y Z
;

ods listing style=mark;
proc sgrender data=x template=markers;
run;
ods listing;

Output 22.2.6: Commonly Used Unicode and Special Characters

Output 22.2.7: Markers, Marker Names, Unicode Characters, Unicode Specifications

The Unicode Consortium http://unicode.org/ provides a list of character codes at
http://www.unicode.org/charts/charindex.html.

The following rules apply to Unicode and special character specifications in ODS graphics:

Each character can be specified by looking up its code and specifying it as a hexadecimal constant. Example: unicode ’221e’x.
Lower case Greek letters can be specified by using names instead of hexadecimal constants. Example: unicode alpha.
Upper case Greek letters can be specified by using names followed by _u instead of a hexadecimal constants. Example: unicode alpha_u.
Superscript and subscript have special abbreviations. Examples: sup 2 and sub 2.
The sup and sub specifications must not appear escaped and in quotes in the GTL. They must appear outside of quotes.
Some characters overprint the character that comes before. Example: ’El nin’ tilde ’o’, which is equivalent to ’El nin’ unicode ’0303’x ’o’ creates 'El niño'.
Specifications inside quotes are escaped. Example: "(*ESC*) unicode beta ".
Specifications outside quotes are not escaped. Example: unicode beta.