The EXACT statement performs exact tests of the parameters for the specified effects and optionally estimates the parameters and outputs the exact conditional distributions. You can specify the keyword INTERCEPT
and any effects in the MODEL
statement. Inference on the parameters of the specified effects is performed by conditioning on the sufficient statistics
of all the other model parameters (possibly including the intercept).
You can specify several EXACT statements, but they must follow the MODEL
statement. Each statement can optionally include an identifying label. If several EXACT statements are specified, any statement without a label is assigned a label of the form "Exactn," where n indicates the nth EXACT statement. The label is included in the headers of the displayed exact analysis tables.
If a STRATA
statement is also specified, then a stratified exact logistic regression or a stratified exact Poisson regression is performed.
The model contains a different intercept for each stratum, and these intercepts are conditioned out of the model along with
any other nuisance parameters (parameters for effects specified in the MODEL
statement that are not in the EXACT statement).
The ASSESSMENT, BAYES, CONTRAST, EFFECTPLOT, ESTIMATE, LSMEANS, LSMESTIMATE, OUTPUT, SLICE, and STORE statements are not available
with an exact analysis. Exact analyses are not performed when you specify a WEIGHT statement, or a model other than LINK=LOGIT
with DIST=BIN or LINK=LOG with DIST=POISSON. An OFFSET=
variable is not available with exact logistic regression. Exact estimation is not available for ordinal response models.
For classification variables, use of the reference parameterization is recommended.
The following options can be specified in each EXACT statement after a slash (/):
-
ALPHA=number
-
specifies the level of significance for % confidence limits for the parameters or odds ratios. The value of number must be between 0 and 1. By default, number is equal to the value of the ALPHA= option in the MODEL
statement, or 0.05 if that option is not specified.
-
CLTYPE=EXACT | MIDP
-
requests either the exact or mid-p confidence intervals for the parameter estimates. By default, the exact intervals are produced. The confidence coefficient
can be specified with the ALPHA=
option. The mid-p interval can be modified with the MIDPFACTOR=
option. See the section Exact Logistic and Exact Poisson Regression for details.
-
ESTIMATE <=keyword>
-
estimates the individual parameters (conditioned on all other parameters) for the effects specified in the EXACT statement.
For each parameter, a point estimate, a standard error, a confidence interval, and a p-value for a two-sided test that the parameter is zero are displayed. Note that the two-sided p-value is twice the one-sided p-value. You can optionally specify one of the following keywords:
- PARM
-
specifies that the parameters be estimated. This is the default.
- ODDS
-
specifies that the odds ratios be estimated. If you have classification variables, then you must also specify the PARAM=REF
option in the CLASS
statement.
- BOTH
-
specifies that both the parameters and odds ratios be estimated.
-
JOINT
-
performs the joint test that all of the parameters are simultaneously equal to zero, performs individual hypothesis tests
for the parameter of each continuous variable, and performs joint tests for the parameters of each classification variable.
The joint test is indicated in the "Conditional Exact Tests" table by the label "Joint."
-
JOINTONLY
-
performs only the joint test of the parameters. The test is indicated in the "Conditional Exact Tests" table by the label
"Joint." When this option is specified, individual tests for the parameters of each continuous variable and joint tests for
the parameters of the classification variables are not performed.
-
MIDPFACTOR= | ()
-
sets the tie factors used to produce the mid-p hypothesis statistics and the mid-p confidence intervals. modifies both the hypothesis tests and confidence intervals, while affects only the hypothesis tests. By default, and . See the section Exact Logistic and Exact Poisson Regression for details.
-
ONESIDED
-
requests one-sided confidence intervals and p-values for the individual parameter estimates and odds ratios. The one-sided p-value is the smaller of the left- and right-tail probabilities for the observed sufficient statistic of the parameter under
the null hypothesis that the parameter is zero. The two-sided p-values (default) are twice the one-sided p-values. See the section Exact Logistic and Exact Poisson Regression for more details.
-
OUTDIST=SAS-data-set
-
names the SAS data set that contains the exact conditional distributions. This data set contains all of the exact conditional
distributions that are required to process the corresponding EXACT statement. This data set contains the possible sufficient
statistics for the parameters of the effects specified in the EXACT statement, the counts, and, when hypothesis tests are
performed on the parameters, the probability of occurrence and the score value for each sufficient statistic. When you request
an OUTDIST= data set, the observed sufficient statistics are displayed in the "Sufficient Statistics" table. See the section
OUTDIST= Output Data Set for more information.
In the following example, two exact tests are computed: one for x1
and the other for x2
. The test for x1
is based on the exact conditional distribution of the sufficient statistic for the x1
parameter given the observed values of the sufficient statistics for the intercept, x2
, and x3
parameters; likewise, the test for x2
is conditional on the observed sufficient statistics for the intercept, x1
, and x3
.
proc genmod;
model y= x1 x2 x3/d=b;
exact x1 x2;
run;
PROC GENMOD determines, from all the specified EXACT statements, the distinct conditional distributions that need to be evaluated.
For example, there is only one exact conditional distribution for the following two EXACT statements:
exact 'One' x1 / estimate=parm;
exact 'Two' x1 / estimate=parm onesided;
For each EXACT statement, individual tests for the parameters of the specified effects are computed unless the JOINTONLY
option is specified. Consider the following EXACT statements:
exact 'E12' x1 x2 / estimate;
exact 'E1' x1 / estimate;
exact 'E2' x2 / estimate;
exact 'J12' x1 x2 / joint;
In the E12 statement, the parameters for x1
and x2
are estimated and tested separately. Specifying the E12 statement is equivalent to specifying both the E1 and E2 statements.
In the J12 statement, the joint test for the parameters of x1
and x2
is computed in addition to the individual tests for x1
and x2
.